Integrasi Climate Action dan Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah di Indonesia
Keywords:
Aksi Iklim, Pengurangan Risiko Bencana, Perencanaan Pembangunan Regional, Kebijakan Terpadu, Ketahanan IklimAbstract
Abstract
Climate change has increased the risk of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods, landslides, and droughts, necessitating the integration of Climate Action and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in regional development planning. This study aims to identify, analyze, and disseminate the level of integration of Climate Action and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in the RPJMD (Regional Medium-Term Development Plan), RTRW (Regional Spatial Plan), and sectoral planning documents in Indonesia, as well as to uncover the mechanisms, strategies, and barriers to their implementation. The study used a qualitative approach with a literature review method of scientific journals, reports from international institutions (UNDP, UNDRR, IPCC), and government policy documents. Data analysis used content analysis techniques to identify patterns, relationships, and gaps in the implementation of the integration of the two agendas. The results show that mainstreaming disaster risk reduction has not yet become a mainstream in district/city development planning. Although local governments recognize the importance of both agendas, integration in the RPJMD and RTRW is still partial and not comprehensive. The implementation gap is caused by structural and institutional barriers: weak inter-agency coordination, differences in the mandates of the BNPB and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the absence of standard operating procedures for mainstreaming, the absence of regional regulations governing the integration of API and DRR, and limited regional human resource capacity. The implication is that communities in vulnerable areas experience increased losses due to disasters exacerbated by climate change. The study recommends strengthening regional institutional capacity through technical training, developing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for mainstreaming, establishing explicit regional regulations governing the integration of API and DRR, synergizing coordination between the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), and the Ministry of Home Affairs, and establishing an integrated information system for disaster and climate change data to strengthen community resilience to environmental risks.
Keywords: Climate Action, Disaster Risk Reduction, regional development planning, integrated policy, climate resilience
Abstrak
Perubahan iklim telah meningkatkan risiko bencana hidrometeorologi seperti banjir, tanah longsor, dan kekeringan, sehingga diperlukan integrasi Aksi Iklim dan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (KDRT) dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan menyebarluaskan tingkat integrasi Aksi Iklim dan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (KDRT) dalam RPJMD (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah), RTRW (Rencana Tata Ruang Daerah), dan dokumen perencanaan sektoral di Indonesia, serta untuk mengungkap mekanisme, strategi, dan hambatan dalam implementasinya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode tinjauan pustaka dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan dari lembaga internasional (UNDP, UNDRR, IPCC), dan dokumen kebijakan pemerintah. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis konten untuk mengidentifikasi pola, hubungan, dan kesenjangan dalam implementasi integrasi kedua agenda tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengarusutamaan pengurangan risiko bencana belum menjadi arus utama dalam perencanaan pembangunan kabupaten/kota. Meskipun pemerintah daerah mengakui pentingnya kedua agenda tersebut, integrasi dalam RPJMD dan RTRW masih parsial dan belum komprehensif. Kesenjangan implementasi disebabkan oleh hambatan struktural dan kelembagaan: koordinasi antarlembaga yang lemah, perbedaan mandat BNPB dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, tidak adanya prosedur operasi standar untuk pengarusutamaan, tidak adanya peraturan daerah yang mengatur integrasi API dan DRR, dan keterbatasan kapasitas sumber daya manusia daerah. Implikasinya adalah masyarakat di daerah rawan mengalami peningkatan kerugian akibat bencana yang diperburuk oleh perubahan iklim. Studi ini merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan daerah melalui pelatihan teknis, pengembangan prosedur operasi standar (SOP) untuk pengarusutamaan, penetapan peraturan daerah yang jelas yang mengatur integrasi API dan DRR, sinergi koordinasi antara Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK), Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas), dan Kementerian Dalam Negeri, serta pembentukan sistem informasi terpadu untuk data bencana dan perubahan iklim guna memperkuat ketahanan masyarakat terhadap risiko lingkungan.
Kata kunci: Aksi Iklim, Pengurangan Risiko Bencana, perencanaan pembangunan regional, kebijakan terpadu, ketahanan iklim
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