Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kota Bandung: Sintesis Literatur Tentang Targeting dan Dampak

Abstract

Abstract

Urban poverty in Bandung City still faces structural challenges such as inaccurate beneficiary targeting (targeting error), inter-agency ego, and inconsistent program impacts due to local political dynamics. This study aims to identify the forms of transformation in poverty reduction policies, analyze targeting accuracy, evaluate the socio-economic impact on community welfare, and formulate sustainable policy recommendations in Bandung City. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study (library research) through purposive sampling of SINTA and Scopus-indexed journals, official policy documents, and sociological and public administration insights from Prof. Engkus. Data analysis utilizes the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results found that poverty reduction policy changes include three orders: technical adjustments to aid amounts (first order), digitalization of integrated poverty data (second order), and a paradigm shift towards inclusive economic independence (third order). Targeting errors in the form of inclusion and exclusion errors remain the main inhibitor due to slow data updates at the street-level bureaucracy. Nevertheless, integrated policies have had a positive impact on macro poverty reduction, but require a more substantive institutionalization of good governance.

Keywords: Bandung City, Public Policy, Poverty Reduction, Targeting Error, Good Governance

Abstrak

Kemiskinan perkotaan di Kota Bandung masih menghadapi tantangan struktural berupa ketidakakuratan penargetan penerima manfaat (targeting error), ego sektoral antar-lembaga, serta inkonsistensi dampak program akibat dinamika politik lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk transformasi kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan, menganalisis akurasi targeting, mengevaluasi dampak sosial-ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan yang berkelanjutan di Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur (library research) melalui purposive sampling terhadap jurnal terindeks SINTA dan Scopus, dokumen kebijakan resmi, serta pemikiran sosiologis dan administrasi publik dari Prof. Engkus. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña yang mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perubahan kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan mencakup tiga tatanan: penyesuaian teknis besaran bantuan ( first order), digitalisasi data kemiskinan terpadu ( second order), dan pergeseran paradigma menuju kemandirian ekonomi inklusif ( third order). Targeting error berupa inclusion dan exclusion error masih menjadi penghambat utama akibat lambatnya pemutakhiran data di level street-level bureaucracy. Meskipun demikian, kebijakan yang terintegrasi berdampak positif pada penurunan makro angka kemiskinan, namun membutuhkan pelembagaan aspek good governance yang lebih substantif.

Kata Kunci: Kota Bandung, Kebijakan Publik, Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, Targeting Error, Good Governance.