Mengelola Pencegahan Stunting: Pelajaran dari Program Zero New Stunting di Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Sukasari, Kabupaten Sumedang

Abstract

Stunting remains a serious problem in Indonesia because it not only hinders children's physical growth but also impacts the quality of future generations. The Zero New Stunting program launched by the village government serves as a preventative measure, but its effectiveness varies across regions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Zero New Stunting program in Mekarsari Village, emphasizing the program's suitability to the target population's needs, the capacity of implementing institutions, and the obstacles encountered. This study is based on Korten's theory of policy implementation, Romzek & Dubnick's bureaucratic accountability, and Arnstein's community participation. The methodology used is a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results show that although the program has had a positive impact through nutrition outreach, prenatal classes, and local innovations, its effectiveness is still limited by economic factors, health literacy, and limited village resources. These findings emphasize the importance of cross-sector collaboration and adaptive communication strategies to strengthen the program's sustainability.

Stunting masih menjadi persoalan serius di Indonesia karena tidak hanya menghambat pertumbuhan fisik anak, tetapi juga berimplikasi pada kualitas generasi mendatang. Program Zero New Stunting yang diluncurkan pemerintah desa hadir sebagai upaya preventif, namun efektivitasnya masih bervariasi di tiap wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi program Zero New Stunting di Desa Mekarsari, dengan menekankan pada kesesuaian program terhadap kebutuhan sasaran, kapasitas kelembagaan pelaksana, serta hambatan yang dihadapi. Kajian ini berlandaskan teori implementasi kebijakan Korten, akuntabilitas birokrasi Romzek & Dubnick, serta partisipasi masyarakat Arnstein. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun program telah memberi dampak positif melalui sosialisasi gizi, kelas ibu hamil, dan inovasi lokal, efektivitasnya masih terbatas oleh faktor ekonomi, literasi kesehatan, dan minimnya sumber daya desa. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya kolaborasi lintas sektor serta strategi komunikasi yang adaptif untuk memperkuat keberlanjutan program.