Peran Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Mendukung Implementasi Kebijakan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana
Keywords:
Community participation, policy implementation, disaster risk reduction, public administration, collaborative governance, Partisipasi Masyarakat, implementasi kebijakan, pengurangan risiko bencana, administrasi publik, collaborative governance.Abstract
Abstract
Indonesia is a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability due to its geographical and geological conditions, as well as the effects of climate change, which increase the frequency and intensity of disasters, particularly hydrometeorological disasters. These conditions have prompted a paradigm shift in disaster management from an emergency response-oriented approach toward a Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approach that emphasizes mitigation, prevention, and community capacity building. This study aims to analyze the role of community participation in supporting the implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) policies, identify forms of community participation, and determine strategies to strengthen participation in achieving effective and sustainable disaster governance. The study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through literature review (library research). Data were obtained from scientific journal articles, books, policy documents, regulations, and relevant publications by national and international institutions, and were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques based on the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that community participation plays a strategic role in supporting the implementation of DRR policies through engagement in the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stages of disaster management programs.
Keywords: Collaborative Governance,Community Participation, Disaster Risk Reduction, Policy Implementation, Public Administration.
Abstrak
Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki Tingkat kerawanan bencana yang tinggi akibat kondisi geografis, geologis, dan pengaruh perubahan iklim yang meningkatkan frekuensi serta intensitas bencana, khususnya bencana hidrometeorologi. Kondisi tersebut mendorong perubahan paradigma penanggulangan bencana dari pendekatan yang berorientasi pada tanggap darurat menuju pendekatan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (PRB) yang menekankan aspek mitigasi, pencegahan, dan peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran partisipasi Masyarakat dalam mendukung implementasi kebijakan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (PRB), mengidentifikasi bentuk bentuk partisipasi masyarakat, serta memutuskan strategi penguatan partizsipasi dalam mewujudkan tata Kelola kebencanaan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif melalui studi literatur (library research). Data diperoleh dari artikel jurnal ilmiah, buku, dokumen kebijakan, regulasi, serta publikasi lembaga nasional dan internasional yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung implementasi kebijakan PRB melalui keterlibatan pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan evaluasi program kebencanaan. Keterlibatan tersebut berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan efektivitas implementasi kebijakan, penguatan kesiapsiagaan dan kapasitas masyarakat, pengurangan tingkat kerentanan, serta pembangunan ketahanan komunitas terhadap bencana. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan dalam memperkuat implementasi kebijakan pengurangan risiko bencana yang lebih partisipatif, kolaboratif, dan berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Partisipasi Masyarakat, implementasi kebijakan, pengurangan risiko bencana, administrasi publik, collaborative governance.
References
Agung Harijoko, Diana Puspitasari, Irfani Prabaningrum, Kirana Putri Prastika, N. W. (2021). No Title. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Aidil, A., Wahab, A., Syariq, M. A., Hidayat, R. F., & Setiawan, E. (2025). BANJIR DAN LONGSOR DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG : 10(2), 48–53.
Akbar, M. F., Hidayat, W., Yuliani, H., Lestari, D. A., & Allifiansyah, S. (2025). Peran Komunikasi Partisipatif Dalam Penguatan Ketangguhan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana. Journal Media Public Relations, 5(1), 214–227. https://doi.org/10.37090/jmp.v5i1.2253
Andhika, A. N. (2018). Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas : Penguatan Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Kelompok Masyarakat Penanggulangan Bencana 313 Desa Langensari kecamatan Lembang. Pekerjaan Sosial, 17(2), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.31595/peksos.v17i2.142
BNBP. (2016). Peraturan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) Nomor 1 Tahun 2025. 4(1), 1–23.
BNBP. (2024). Data Bencana Indonesia 2024.
Cohen, J.M.; Uphoff, N. T. (1977). Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation. Popline. https://popline.org/node/499235
Dwirahmadi, F., Barnes, P., Wibowo, A., Amri, A., & Chu, C. (2023). Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation through Collaborative Governance: Experience from Urban Flooding in Jakarta. Geosciences (Switzerland), 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13110353
Horn, D. S. V. M. C. E. Van. (11975). The Policy Implementation Process: A Conceptual Framework. Ohio State University, 445–488.
III, G. C. E. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Congressional Quarterly Press.
Indonesia, P. (2007). Undang-Undang Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana. Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007.
John W. Creswell, J. D. C. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications. https://www.sagepub.com/shop/buy-a-book/research-design-5-255675
Kelman, I., & Glantz, M. H. (2015). Analyzing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6(2), 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0056-3
Khafian, N. (2023). The Role Of Collaborative Governance In Indonesian Disaster Management. Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform, 4(2), 158–175. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i2.53367
Lassa, J. A., Boli, Y., Nakmofa, Y., Fanggidae, S., Ofong, A., & Leonis, H. (2018). Twenty years of community-based disaster risk reduction experience from a dryland village in Indonesia. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.502
Miles, Matthew B, A. Michael Huberman, J. S. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis (A Methods Sourcebook). Sage Publications.
Mufarida, B. (2024). No Title. Okezone News. https://news.okezone.com/read/2024/12/31/337/3100327/bnpb-2-093-bencana-melanda-indonesia-selama-tahun-2024
Ruslanjari, D., Putri, R. A. P., Puspitasari, D., & Sulistiyo, S. (2024). Embracing leadership of local actors and community in disaster risk reduction of Yogyakarta. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 16(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1679
Stevani Sitilan, H. (2026). Community Participation In Landslide Disaster Mitigation : Examining Implementation And Benefit Distribution In Makale Subdistrict , Tana Toraja Regency , Indonesia Participação Da Comunidade Na Mitigação De Desastres Causados Por Deslizamentos De Terra :
Umeidini, F., Nuriah, E., & Fedryansyah, M. (2019). Di Desa Mekargalih Kecamatan Jatinangor. Pekerjaan Sosial, 2(2), 13–22.
Vidiadari, I. S., Praharsiwi, C. S., & Birowo, M. A. (2023). Keterlibatan masyarakat pada radio komunitas untuk pengurangan risiko bencana. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.24002/senapas.v1i1.7273
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Panengen: Journal of Indigenous Knowledge
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
