Koordinasi Administrasi Internasional dalam Pencapaian SDGs: Peran UNDP Sebagai Katalisator Pembangunan di Negara Berkembang Melalui Studi Literatur Sistematis
Keywords:
UNDP; SDGs; koordinasi administrasi internasional; negara berkembang; Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis koordinasi administrasi internasional dalam pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dengan menempatkan United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) sebagai katalisator pembangunan di negara berkembang. Kajian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis prinsip PRISMA 2020 untuk menelaah literatur akademik, laporan lembaga internasional, dan dokumen kebijakan yang relevan mengenai koordinasi multilevel, kapasitas birokrasi lokal, policy coherence, pembiayaan pembangunan, dan lokalisasi SDGs. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas peran UNDP tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemampuan menyediakan bantuan teknis, pendanaan, dan jejaring pengetahuan global, tetapi juga oleh kesiapan birokrasi domestik dalam mengubah standar global menjadi kebijakan lokal yang terukur. Data terbaru menunjukkan bahwa progres SDGs global masih tertinggal, sementara negara berkembang menghadapi kesenjangan pembiayaan yang besar, keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan, fragmentasi kewenangan, dan ketimpangan data. Dalam konteks Indonesia, capaian SDGs relatif lebih baik dibandingkan rata-rata global, namun keberlanjutan capaian tersebut tetap bergantung pada penguatan koordinasi pusat-daerah, interoperabilitas data, kapasitas fiskal, dan akuntabilitas lokal. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa UNDP berfungsi efektif sebagai katalisator apabila intervensinya mendorong transfer kapasitas, kepemilikan lokal, dan kemandirian institusional; sebaliknya, pendekatan yang terlalu teknokratis dan berbasis proyek dapat memperpanjang ketergantungan administratif negara berkembang terhadap bantuan internasional.
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